南疆杏麦复合系统早春土壤温度变化特征研究

Study on the Soil Temperature Characteristics in Early Spring under Apricot-wheat System in the South of Xinjiang

【目的】根据南疆喀什地区早春土壤温度与气温的实测数据,分析杏麦间作与小麦单作模式下24 h的温度变化特征。【方法】以8年生赛买提杏和新冬20号小麦为试材,采用ZDR-41型温度自动记录仪,对不同物候期、不同水平距离、不同土壤深度及气温的变化进行研究。【结果】(1)土壤温度变化总体呈现单"S"型。(2)20 cm土层不同模式在温度极值持续期存在差异。单作与气温均无最高或最低温度持续期,而杏麦间作模式下,距离杏树主干不同水平距离处均出现高温或低温持续期。(3)杏树萌芽期,同一土层温度均为单作高于间作,平均温度为单作>距杏主干2 m处>距杏主干1 m处>气温。【结论】早春时节,杏园间作冬小麦,在杏树萌芽期对小麦田土壤温度有一定降低。随着时间推移,地温逐渐升高,到杏树花期,距离杏树主干距离的远近,对土壤温度的影响不明显。

[Objective]According to the measured data of soil temperature and air temperature in early spring in Kashgar area of Xinjiang,the temperature change characteristic about apricot wheat interplanting and the only wheat monoculture during the 24 h was analyzed.[Method]The paper took Saimaiti apricot of 8 years old and Xindong - 20 as investigative objects,and carried out a study of phenophase,horizontal distance,soil depth and air temperatures at different levels under the intercrop and monoculture model by ZDR -41.[Result]The results showed that：（l）the total changes of soil temperature present the onefold type of ＂S＂;（2） there were differences in the sustained time of temperature extremum under the 20 cm soil layer of different modes.The topmost and lowermost of air temperature did not have sustained time,but it had sustained time of the topmost and lowermost under the different horizontal distance in the intercrop model;（3） in the stages in germination,temperature under monoculture model was higher than intercrop model at the same soil depth.The average temperature of the stages in apricot germination was monoculturethe distance of 2 m to stem of apricotthe distance of 1m to stem of apricotair temperature.[Conclusion]In the stages in germination of early spring,apricot orchard inter - crop wheat have definite effect to reduce soil temperature.The time change and the soil temperature were gradually ascended.In the period of apricot bloom,the horizontal distance at different levels did not have obvious effect on soil temperature.