新疆山区草原牦牛革蜱感染情况的调查

Infection Survey of the Ticks on Yak of Mountain Grasslands in Xinjiang

【目的】近几年来在新疆牦牛放牧区常发生由蜱虫传播的血液原虫病,对牦牛养殖造成严重的威胁。查清牦牛体表寄生的革蜱感染情况,能有效的对蜱传疾病进行综合防治。并为新疆媒介蜱虫及蜱媒病研究奠定基础。【方法】跟从当地兽医人员及畜主从牦牛体表采集蜱虫800只,带回学校实验室,借助组织解剖镜及光学显微镜对采集于牦牛体表寄生的蜱虫进行鉴定和感染情况调查。【结果】牦牛体表寄生的革蜱种为高山革蜱(20%)、巴氏革蜱(20%)、银盾革蜱(21%)、草原革蜱(20%)和森林革蜱(19%)。在观察分析其蜱种基本形态性状的同时,对其蜱种之间的气门板的形状,背突的大小,足第Ⅱ～Ⅳ胫节到前跗节是否有腹距等的"鉴别性"形态特征进行了描述。建立了新疆革蜱类优势分布种的检索表。【结论】经此次调查及鉴定发现其中高山革蜱、巴氏革蜱是首次发现寄生于牦牛体表的优势革蜱种,为进一步研究新疆革蜱类蜱虫的公害及其蜱媒病的综合防治提供科学依据和技术支撑。

[Objective]In recent years,the ticks spread by blood protozoa often occurred in Xinjiang yak grazing region,thus posing a serious threat to its breeding.Therefore,to investigate the surface parasitic infection of ticks on yaks,can be better prevention and treatment of tick - borne diseases and lay a foundation for researching media ticks and tick -borne disease in Xinjiang.[Method]The authors collected 800 ticks on yak surface from the local veterinarians,took them back to the school laboratory,and identified and surveyed yak infected ticks by the anatomical microscope and optical microscope.[Result]The morphological identification found that they were the Dermacentor montanus（20%）,Dermacentor pavlovskyi（20%）, Dermacentor niveus（21%）,Dermacentor nuttalli（20%）,Dermacentor silvarum（19%）.At the same time when observing and analyzing ticks in the kinds of basic morphological traits,the peritrematalia shape between the ticks,the size of dorsal prolongation,and whether they have supr and other ＂ identification＂ of morphological characteristics between the footⅡ-Ⅳtibia and tarsule were described.This established the key to predominant dermacentor species in Xinjiang.[Conclusion]Identified by the survey,it was found that the Dermacentor montanus and Dermacentor pavlovskyi were discovered for the first time to be the dominant species of ticks on the surface of yak.The results provide scientific evidence and technical support for further research on the public harm of Dermacentor in Xinjiang region and integrated control of the diseases spread by ticks.