面神经下颌缘支和颊支的应用解剖学研究

Applied Anatomy Research of the Marginal Mandibular and Buccal Branch of the Facial Nerve

目的:了解面神经下颌缘支和颊支的正常层次解剖位置,面神经下颌缘支与面动脉以及面神经颊支与腮腺导管的位置关系,为防止面侧区颌面部手术中造成面神经下颌缘支和颊支损伤提供解剖学依据。方法:对20具(40例)成人尸体面侧区进行层次解剖寻找面神经下颌缘支和颊支及用游标卡尺测量相关数据。结果:面神经下颌缘支单干型居多,占57.5%,双干型占27.5%,合干型占15.0%;出腮腺后走行于下颌骨下缘的上方、下方及基本平行,各占65.0%、12.5%、22.5%;面神经下颌缘支经过面动脉的浅面、深面及两支经其浅面或深面夹持或环抱面动脉,然后合成1支者分别占89.5%、7.0%、3.5%。面神经颊支以双干型居多,占57.5%,单干型占12.5%,三干型占27.5%,四干型占2.5%;位于腮腺导管上方的颊支占52.3%,位于腮腺导管下方的颊支占47.7%。结论:掌握面神经下颌缘支和颊支的走行,下颌缘支与面动脉的关系位置,颊支与腮腺导管的位置关系,以满足颌面部外科手术的需要。

Objective：To address the normal level of anatomical of the marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve,the relationship between the marginal mandibular branch with the Facial Artery, and the buccal branch with parotid duct. To provide a foundation in order to avoid damage the marginal mandibular and buccal branch in surface side of the area and Maxillofacial Surgery. Methods： Measured the correlating anatomic measurement on 20 （40 cases） adult bodies specimens in the area of facial nerves. Results： A single, double and the other trunk type of the marginal mandibular branches accounts for 57. 5%, 27. 5% and 15. 0%. The branches which run along the upper, lower and parallel border of the mandible account for 65.0% ,12.5% and 22.5%. The branches which run along the shallow, deep and the other with the Facial Artery about 89.5 %A, 7. 0% and 3. 5%. Buccal branches of the facial nerve mainly existed in the form of double trunks which account for 57.5% , the others account for 12.5%, 27.5% and 2.5%. The branchs which exist in the upper and lower of the parotid duct account for 52.3 % and 47.7 %. Conclusion： Master the courses and branches of marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve, the relationship between the marginal mandibular branch with the Facial Artery and the buccal branch with parotid duct ,to meet the needs of Maxillofacial Surgery.