眶下管、眶下孔的解剖结构与临床意义

Anatomical Structure and Clinical Significance of Infraorbital Canal,Infraorbital Foramen

目的研究眶下管的长度及走向、眶下孔的位置及形态,为补充人体调查资料及临床眶下神经阻滞麻醉提供形态学依据。方法采用电子游标卡尺、双脚圆规及细钢丝等,测量30个成年颅骨(60例)眶下管的长度、眶下孔距眶下缘中点的垂直位置和眶下孔的大小,观察眶下孔的形态及眶下管的方向,进行统计学分析。结果眶下管的长度(x±s):左侧为(13.54±3.82)mm,右侧为(13.26±3.18)mm。眶下孔距眶下缘中点的垂直距离(x±s):左侧为(7.78±2.56)mm,右侧为(7.96±1.94)mm。眶下孔的大小(x±s):左侧横径为(4.7±1.0)mm、纵径为(3.56±1.18)mm;右侧横径为(5.13±1.28)mm、纵径为(3.62±0.56)mm。眶下孔的形态:椭圆形32例(左右各为16例),占53.33%;圆形15例(左侧8例、右侧7例),占25%;不规则形13例(左侧6例、右侧7例),占21.67%。眶下管的方向:从眶下孔至眶下沟,60例全部从内下至上后外方向。结论眶下管的长度、眶下孔距眶下缘中点的垂直位置和理论值比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两侧眶下管的长度、眶下孔距眶下缘中点的垂直位置和眶下孔的形态均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在临床眶下神经阻滞麻醉时要注意进针方向和进针的深度,避免损伤眼球。

Objective To study the length and tread of infraorbital canal,the place and appearance of infraorbital foramen,to supply the human research information and provide the appearance evidence for the clinical application.Methods Using the vernier caliper ruler,two-hands compasses and thin wire to measure the length and tread of infraorbital canal,the place and appearance of infraorbital foramen of 30 adult cranial bones（60 examples）,then to do the statistical analysis.Results The length of infraorbital canal（x ± s） was（13.54 ± 3.82） mm（left）,（13.26 ± 3.18） mm（right）.The vertical distance from infraorbital foramen to the midpoint of infraorbital margin（x ± s） was（7.78 ± 2.56） mm（left）,（7.96 ± 1.94） mm（right）.The horizontal length of infraorbital foramen（x ± s） was（4.7 ± 1.0） mm（left）,（5.13 ± 1.28） mm（right）.The vertical length of infraorbital foramen（x ± s） was（3.56 ± 1.18） mm（left）,（3.62 ± 0.56） mm（right）.32（16 left,16 right） cases of appearance of infraorbital foramen were ellipse,53.33%;15 cases（8 left,7 right） were round,25%;13 cases（6 left,7 right） were irregular,21.67%.The direction of infraorbital canal was all from medial-inferior to superior-lateral-posterior of 30 cranial bones.Conclusion The length of infraorbital canal,the vertical distance from infraorbital foramen to the midpoint of infraorbital margin and theory value have no the significant difference（P 0.05）.There are no the significant differences in the length of the left and the right infraorbital canals,the vertical distance from infraorbital foramen to the midpoint of infraorbital margin,the size of infraorbital foramen（P 0.05）.Noticing specially the direction and depth of infraorbital canal,when injection in block anesthesia of infraorbital nerve,to avoid injuring the eyeball.