坑道中水的抑爆消波性能试验研究

TEST RESEARCH ON EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION AND ATTENUATING WAVE CAPABILITIES OF WATER IN TUNNEL

强爆炸冲击波对坑道内部的人员、设备和结构等均能产生巨大的毁伤破坏作用,因此如何消减冲击波强度的防护技术成为研究热点。本文以模型坑道和实际坑道为平台,系统开展了不同数量的集中置水(袋装水)和不同长度均匀置水(均布水)的消波效应试验,对试验结果进行了分析对比;并结合试验现象对水的消波机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:无论集中置水还是均匀置水都具有显著的消波性能;直坑道内爆炸近区两者的消波效果相近,而在爆炸远区均匀置水的要高出约10%;较复杂的穿廊结构坑道比直通坑道具有更加明显的消波效果;增加置水量能提高超压衰减率,在相同位置增加相同数量水(15kg)时,即集中置水每增加1袋和均匀置水每增长1m时,超压衰减率分别提高约2%和5%;总体来说,均匀设置的消波效果更优于集中设置。

Damage effects of strong explosion shock waves on the personnel, equipments and structures in the tunnel are very large. So safe technology how to attenuate strength of shock waves have become hotspot of research. Attenuating wave tests were carried out by setting centralized water （water placed in the bag） with different amount and symmetrical water （water not placed in the bag） with different length in the model and actual tunnels. The experimental results were analyzed and compared, and the mechanism of attenuating shock wave was discussed according to experimental phenomena. The results showed that water had remarkable effect of attenuating shock wave whether centralized water or symmetrical water; in the straight tunnel, their attenuating wave effect were similar in the near explosion spot, but attenuating wave effect of symmetrical water was 10% higher than that of centralized water in the far explosion spot; attenuating wave effect of water in the complicated gallery tunnel was better than that of water in the straight tunnel; adding water can increase over-pressure attenuation rate, over-pressure attenuation rate of centralized water and symmetrical water was improved to 2% and 5 % respectively when the same amount water（15kg） were increased in the same place; as a whole, attenuation wave effect of symmetrical water was better than that of centralized water.