成就与困境:基层人大预算监督中的协商民主——从“合法性传送带”角度解读温岭“参与式预算”模式

The Achievements and Dilemmas of the Deliberative Democracy in the Budgeting Supervision of the Basic-level People's Congress——Interpreting the Wenling's Participatory Budgeting Mode from the Perspective of the "Transmission Belt" Theory

浙江温岭人大预算监督中的协商民主,能够从保护少数群体利益和限制代表、政府自由裁量权两方面弥补代议民主在决策合法性上之不足,前者也在参与可行性、广泛性和参与效能不平等上存有缺陷,需要代议制的完善方能更好地传输合法性。温岭经验中"公众→人大→政府"协商过程,存在"合法性输送"的强、弱两种形式,也存在"温岭模式"中两处合法性断裂:人大代表民主化不足与利益组织化困境。只有这两个制度性壁垒有所突破,才能使"参与式预算"改革从根本上提升政府预算决策的合法性。协商民主和选举政治,仍是中国未来预算改革乃至宏观政治体制改革无可回避的两大主题。

The deliberative democracy has covered the weaknesses of representative democracy as protecting minority group and government make decisions freely, but it has some problems such as join feasibility, extension and unfair efficiency＂ which needs the perfection of representative democracy to transmit the legitimacy. In Wenling practice, though the process as public, congress and government has some legitimacy, it has two difficulties as weak democracy of representatives and organization benefits. Only solve these two difficulties, the participatory budgeting can improve the legitimacy of government budgeting. In future budgeting revolution and macro-politic system revolution, deliberative democracy and voting politic are two main themes.