化疗药物外渗原因分析及一个新的化疗药物外渗风险评估表的应用

Possible cause of drug extravasation in patients under tumor chemotherapy and application of a novel table to evaluate the risk of drug extravasation before chemotherapy

目的探讨化疗药物外渗的可能原因及据此设计的一个新的化疗药物外渗因素风险评估表的应用价值。方法采用随机抽样法抽取1600例肿瘤化疗患者,在每次化疗前就9个可能导致化疗药物外渗的潜在因素对其进行风险评估,从化疗开始到结束进行全程跟踪观察。根据结果设计化疗药物外渗因素风险评估表。结果 9项评估因素中,药物因素、化疗周期和用药方式与是否出现外渗无明显相关性(P>0.01)。家庭支持、外周血管情况、合作程度、给药途径、宣教情况及营养状况在渗出与非渗出组患者之间差异显著(P<0.01),据此设计的化疗药物外渗因素风险评估表表明,分值低者药物外渗风险程度高,渗出与非渗出组评估分比较显示,平均分≤11分患者为发生外渗的高危人群。结论家庭支持、外周血管情况、合作程度、给药途径、宣教情况及营养状况与化疗药物外渗的风险密切相关,据此设计的化疗药物外渗因素风险评估表直观、简便,可作为临床肿瘤化疗护理风险管理工作中预测药物外渗工具之一。

Objective To investigate the possible cause of drug extravasation in patients under tumor chemotherapy,design and application of a novel table to evaluate the risk of drug extravasation before chemotherapy.Methods 1600 patients under tumor chemotherapy were enrolled.The risk of drug extravasation was assessed.The risk of drug extravasation before chemotherapy was evaluated.Results There was significant difference between the drug extravasation group and the non-drug extravasation group in family support.T including he status of peripheral vascular,cooperative,the route of administration,nursing publicity,and nourishment condition（P〈0.01）,and there was no significant difference between two groups in characteristic of drug,chemotherapy cycle,and administrating method（P〉0.01）.According to the novel risk assessment table,we found that patients with the average score ≤11 were in high risk.Conclusion The family support,the status of peripheral vascular,cooperative,the route of administration,nursing publicity,and nourishment condition is highly related to the drug extravasation,and the drug extravasation risk assessment table designed accordingly is uncomplicated and helpful,and could be used as an index of predicating the risk of drug extravasation before chemotherapy in nursing work.