函项分层思想及其在语言学研究中的应用

Function Stratification and Its Application in Linguisitics

基于现代逻辑思想的形式语义学理论,离不开类型和范畴的分层思想。它的理论源泉之一是逻辑学家弗雷格区分"完全"、"不完全"表达式的讨论,其影响主要为两方面:逻辑类型论和范畴理论。通过对比分析逻辑类型论和范畴理论在语言学领域的两个综合应用模式:蒙太格语法和类型逻辑语法可知,形式语义学总体来讲具有两种发展趋势,即偏向自然语言与偏向逻辑两种风格。

Formal Semantics,originated from Modern Logics,is inseparable from the concept of function stratification.One of its theoretical sources is the classification over complete and incomplete expressions by Frege,the influences of which mainly reflected in two aspects： Type theory and Categorial Grammars.In addition,the present paper compares two integrated models that Type theory and Categorial grammars applied to— Montague Grammar and Type Logical Grammar,in order to demonstrate two major trends during the development of Formal Semantics,namely,pro-Linguistics and pro-Logics.