日常辩论中的推理结构探析——从语用学与语用逻辑的视角

Reasoning Structure of the Daily Debate——From the aspect of pragmatics and pragmatic logic

形式推理模式认为,日常辩论的话语仅仅给推理提供了前提,并且把会话的多种话语形式转化成静态的陈述命题,作为推理的前提进行推理,而较少考虑到推理中人文的因素。形式化的静态的推理过程难以描述日常辩论这种多方参与的推理过程。语用逻辑考虑到了推理中语境和人文的因素,符合日常辩论的推理特点。采用语用逻辑的视角,对日常辩论的推理结构进行探讨,表明日常辩论的推理过程就是在会话的语境中,各方通过互动,推理结论的过程。因为会话具有互动性的特点,所以日常辩论的推理过程依附于会话的话轮之中,与话轮共同构建了推理结构。

From the aspect of formal reasoning pattern,the discourse of daily debate is just looked as the reasoning premise and transited from diversity discourse to static statement proposition without considering the human factors in the reasoning.Formal static reasoning can not describe the reasoning cause of daily debate with a lot of participants.Pragmatic logic conforms to the characteristic of daily debate reasoning with considering human factors.This essay make a prelimarily study on the reasoning structure of daily debate which is a mutual reasoning process in the discourse context.For the discourse reasoning has the characteristic of interactive,the reasoning process of daily debate affiliate to the talk turn of discourse and construct the reasoning structure together.