从灾害医学救援实践创新主动卫生防疫策略思路

Disaster relief medical practice innovation ideas active health and disease prevention strategies

目的从中国国际救援队多次执行国内外医学救援任务中分析防疫力量、物资投入的有效性、预防的低效性和非持久性,是救灾工作的核心和关键问题。方法针对国内外灾害医学救援医务人员存在"标准预防"概念与"防护标准"认识混淆误区,结合卫生防疫现状和预防理念,运用科学高效可持续质量改进的方法,进行分析和总结。结果提出灾害应急救援早期开展主动卫生防疫策略新思路,制定了一套主动卫生防疫策略系列保障体系,明确责任和规范标准化保障方案。结论完善人才素质培养、知识技能培训,将专业基础知识、解决问题能力、防疫技能操作,作为平时基础内容、卫勤必训课程、战时技能掌握,成为防疫骨干通科人才,提升救援队灾害医学救援中卫生防疫能力和水平。

OBJECTIVE To analyze disease prevention force,the effectiveness of material inputs,low efficiency of the prevention and relief work of non-sustainability which were the cores of disaster relief work from the experience of the implementation of domestic and foreign medical rescue mission by Chinese international rescue team.METHODS For disaster medical relief medical staff at home and abroad,their understanding errors about ＇standard precautions＇ concept with the ＇standard of protection＇ were analyzed and summarized by combining health status and prevention of disease prevention concepts with sustainable quality improvement and efficient use of scientific methods.RESULTS New thought about early development of initiative disaster prevention strategies was proposed,a series of support systems of initiative disaster prevention were established,the responsibility and the protection programs were clarified and standardized.CONCLUSION Improving the quality of personnel training,knowledge and skills training,the professional knowledge,problem solving,prevention skills to operate as usual basis of content,mastering wartime skills,being the backbone of prevention through division personnel are the keys to enhance disaster medical assistance in the rescue team ability and the level of health and disease prevention.