高含硫气田安全隐患及员工安全技术培训

Potential safety hazards and personnel safety training at sour gas fields

高含硫气田因天然气中H2S含量高,具有剧毒、强腐蚀、易形成硫沉积、水合物等特点,其开发过程中的设备管理、人员健康、环境污染风险大大增加:①如果相关工艺措施不到位,设备容易出现故障,影响正常生产,甚至发生安全事故,导致人员中毒、受伤;②H2S对现场作业人员健康的威胁几乎贯穿高含硫气田开发的所有环节;③H2S放空燃烧生成的SO2及其形成的酸雨达到一定浓度后容易对井站周围的植被、水土造成污染。高含硫气田开发的安全风险归根到底是人员风险,必须加强员工的安全、技术培训,提高员工安全意识和各项技能,确保气田的安全、平稳开发。通过对员工作业中可能存在的不安全行为分析,结合目前安全技术管理、培训的实践经验,提出了加强该类气田员工安全技术培训的6项措施,对培训方式方法、培训重点等进行了对比分析,进而提出了3种适合高含硫气田开发不同阶段的安全技术培训的方法:①搭建网络培训系统,开展网络培训;②建立学习小组,开展员工自学;③组织人员到国内外有开发经验的企业进行学习。

Due to a high content of H2S,natural gas in a sour gas field is highly toxic and strong corrosive,and during the process of its production,gathering and transmission,sulfur deposition and hydrates easily occur,thereby the hidden dangers or risks to all the involved equipment management,personnel health and environmental protection are increasing.Firstly,for lack of perfect treatment,equipment failures will badly affect the normal production,and even unexpected accidents will happen so operators are easily got poisoned or hurt.Secondly,H2S is always a threat to the operators in the whole development of a sour gas field.Thirdly,the SO2 from the H2S-contained vent gas will cause acid rain,which will become pollutants to the trees,plants,waters and soils when reaching to a certain content.Personnel health and safety are so essential in the development of sour gas fields that great attention should be paid to their safety training.Their safety awareness and professional skills should be enhanced to a high level in order to guarantee the safe and steady production in such a sour gas field.Through an analysis of any possible unsafe behaviors of operators,in combination with the present successful experiences in technical management and staff training,this paper recommends that staff safety training should be implemented from 6 aspects.A comparative analysis is performed of training means,methods,and highlights,and this paper focuses on three training methods at different stages of the development of a sour gas field.The first is to build a network training system to encourage web-based training;the second is to develop self-study programs by groups;and the third is to organize the staff to go around and learn from good lessons and experiences from those famous companies at home and abroad.