基于容量总量及断面达标的流域水污染控制研究

Water Pollution Control Based on Capacity Amount and Reaching Standard of Section

利用各市环境监测站2006-2008年的例行监测数据对如泰运河的水环境污染程度进行了分析。通过对研究区污染源的调查,测算污染物入河总量并分析污染结构特征。根据水环境功能区的水质目标,分别计算出如皋单元和如东单元的水环境容量,建立控制断面(行政交界断面与入海断面)水质与上游各污染源排污量之间的函数关系。以此为基础,确定各种污染控制方案。结果表明:如泰运河流经的集镇中,如东的马塘和掘港2个集镇的河段水质较差,污染源结构表明如东单元工业源比重较如皋偏大,约为如皋的1.5倍。如皋单元的总量控制值:COD为8 016 t/a,NH3-N为532 t/a,TP为87 t/a;如东单元的总量控制值:COD为9 268 t/a,NH3-N为547 t/a,TP为77 t/a。当将城市生活污染源接管率提高到60%,原直排工业污染源均按GB 18918-2002一级A标准排放,未达标排放的企业全部接管,并对污水厂增加脱氮除磷处理工艺后,控制断面的所有污染因子方能达标。

Water environmental problems are analyzed according to monitoring data from monitoring stations in each city between 2006 and 2008. Pollutant quantity inlets into rivers and pollution structures are analyzed by investigating each main pollution source of the region studied. According to water quality target of water environmental functional district, water environmental capacity of Rugao unit and Rudong unit are calculated. The relationship between water quality of control section and upstream pollutant quantity are established. Then, pollution control methods are determined. Results show that water quality of Matang Town and Juegang Town are the poorest towns. Pollution structure shows that the specific gravity of industrial pollution of Rudong unit is 1.5 times of Rugao unit. Gross control values of COD, NH3--N and TP are respectively 8 016 t/a, 532 t/a and 87t/a in Rugao unit, which of COD, NH3 --N and TP are respectively 9 268 t/a, 547 t/a and 77 t/a in Rudong unit. To make the control sections reach the standard, rate of piped sewage of city life should be improved to 60%, direct discharging industry must reach the grade_1,a discharging standard in GB18918-2002. Substandard standard industries should be taken over, and process of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal should be added to sewage treatment plants.