淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系研究

Water Quality Evaluation Index System of Freshwater Aquaculture Pond

[目的]建立淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系。[方法]通过专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实地调研法及DELPHI法,在综合分析淡水养殖池塘水质各影响因子的基础上,对14个淡水养殖池塘水环境因子的重要程度进行了排序,选择其中5个因素作为指标建立了淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系,并确定了各指标的阈值。[结果]淡水养殖池塘水质因子重要程度排序为溶解氧>pH>浮游植物量>透明度>总氮>浮游动物量>水温>生化需氧量>水色>盐度>总硬度;根据重要程度的大小,确定溶解氧、pH、透明度、浮游植物量、总氮5个指标为池塘水质评价的指标体系。对淡水养殖池塘水质等级进行5级划分,并采用专家问卷方法获得鱼类对各指标的耐受程度范围。[结论]为淡水养殖池塘水质评价提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond,and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered.Then,five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination of thresholds of these factors.[Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of dissolved oxygen pH phytoplankton quantity transparency total Nitrogen zooplankton quantity water temperature biochemical oxygen demand water color salinity total hardness;according to the value of importance degree,the dissolved oxygen,pH,transparency,phytoplankton quantity and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond.The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five,and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation.[Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.