黑粒小麦籽粒颜色的遗传分析

Preliminary Studies on Inheritance of Seed Color in Black Wheat

[目的]了解黑粒小麦籽粒颜色的遗传特性。[方法]配置了黑小麦76、黑小麦18、96-45和line220 4个黑粒小麦品种(系)与4个白粒小麦品种(系)9-231、宁春16、宁春17和新春22的正反交共8个杂交组合,观察了F1、F2、F3植株上籽粒颜色的表现,分析其粒色遗传。[结果]黑小麦76的黑粒性状表现母体遗传,均为不完全显性,黑粒性状受2对互补基因控制,F3代符合9(黑色)∶7(白色)的分离规律。line220、96-45和黑小麦18籽粒黑色性状的遗传基因有2对,表现为独立遗传且有互补作用,F2代符合9(黑色)∶7(白色)的分离规律。[结论]可以通过黑粒小麦与白粒小麦品种间杂交分别选育粒色不同的新品种。

[Objective] The aim was to study the inheritance property of the color of seed in black wheat.[Method] Segregation for seed coat colors was studied in F1、F2 and F3 population from eight crosses of four black-seed wheat cultivars（Heixiaomai76、Heixiaomai18、96-45 and S-1） with four white-seed wheat cultivars（9-231、Ningchun16、Ningchun17 and Xinchun22）.[Result] The results showed that the color of Heixiaomai 76 maternal genetic traits is controlled by two incompletely dominant genes,the segregation in F3 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white） ratio.Color of S-1,96-45,and Heixiaomai 18 is controlled by two Independent and complementary genetic genes,the segregation for black kernel color in F2 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white） ratio.[Conclusion] Different kinds of new species can be breed through the hybrid of black wheat and white wheat varieties.