淮河流域中游湿地景观格局指数变化分析

Changes of Wetland Landscape Pattern Indexes in the Middle Reaches of the Huaihe Valley

利用淮河流域中游20世纪50年代的地形图和1980、2000年的遥感影像图分别提取、解译得到各时期的土地利用图和基于湿地二级分类的各湿地类型分布图,运用景观指数分析方法对淮河流域中游湿地景观生态变化进行分析评价。分析结果表明：1950~1980年湿地景观格局指数变化大,1980~2000年湿地景观格局指数变化很小。这些湿地景观格局指数的变化总体上说明淮河流域中游湿地格局由多样化、复杂性转为单一化、破碎性,湿地系统组分急剧减少、过渡带大量消失,湿地景观的连通性、异质性大大减弱,湿地系统的完整性、均衡性不复存在,从而导致湿地生态服务功能下降或不能得到充分利用。

Relief map of the middle reaches of the Huaihe Valley in 1950s,remote sensing images of 1980 and 2000 are utilized to Abstract and interpret land use maps of the study area in different periods and also the distribution map of different wetland types on the basis of secondary classification of wetland.Landscape index analysis is applied to analyze and evaluate ecological changes of wetland landscapes in the middle reaches of the Huaihe Valley.The analysis results show that landscape pattern indexes change greatly from 1950s to 1980,but change slightly since 1980.Such a change trend demonstrates that wetland landscapes in the study area change from ＂diversified and complicate＂ to ＂unitary and fragmented＂,wetland system has drastically-reducing components,a great number of transitional zones are extinct,connectivity and heterogeneity of wetland landscapes are largely reduced,integrity and balance of wetland system is broken,as a result,ecological service functions of wetland are degraded or cannot be fully utilized.