三峡传统民居的空间特征解析

Spatial Features of the Traditional Vernacular Dwelling in Three Gorges Area

在宏观上分析了长江三峡地区的自然环境与聚落的空间构成,强调其建筑聚落、山形地貌、江流水景互为依存,建筑与山水相依,自然与人文相融的特点。分析了民居聚落的空间特征,突出了其向"天"性特征、"灰色"特征、动态变化特征,进而探讨了民居建筑的空间特征,以南方天井式民居、吊脚楼为例,解析了民居建筑的外形空间特征;从对合院式布局的追求、对天井空间的偏爱、对堂屋空间的重视3个角度分析了民居建筑的内部空间特征。揭示了三峡传统民居中所蕴涵的建造者对自然环境以及住宅场所的理性思考,以及该建筑形式在峡区特定山江环境中的实用价值,解析其与环境融合共生的艺术成就,以期在"后三峡工程时代"为峡区城镇与人居环境建设提供借鉴与参考。

The spatial composition of natural environment and community in Three Gorges area along Yangtze River is analyzed from a macro perspective,which emphasizes the interdependence of its building settlement,topographical features and water landscape,the unity of architecture and natural landscape,and the integration of nature and culture.Then the spatial features of vernacular dwellings are analyzed,with the courtyard-type residence and stilted building in South China for example,their exterior spatial characteristics are explained,and interior spatial features are analyzed from the pursuit of courtyard layout,the preference for courtyard space and the emphasis of central room space.The paper exposes the builders＇ rational thinking about natural environment and residences conveyed by the traditional vernacular dwellings,as well as the practical value of this architectural style in the special natural environment of the Three Gorges area,and explaines the artistic achievements of the integration of architecture and environment,aiming to provide references for the urban and living environment construction in this area during the ＂Post Three Gorges Project Era＂.