以《大明令》为枢纽看中国古代律令制体系

Seeing Ancient China Laws and Precepts System in the Axis of Precepts of Ming Dynasty

清代有律、有例而无令,清例沿用明令,数量虽然不大,但揭示了明代令制的去向。这一事件的性质,只有从部门法视角看,才能准确地为其定位;对清例转化明令的基本事实的分析,有助于厘清律令制发展的线索;比较晋唐宋令、元条格与明令、清例的沿袭关系,对中国古代法律部门的初始分化、法典分工及编纂等问题的理解和把握,具有重要理论意义。

There exist laws and bylaws （although the amount is not large） in Qing Dynasty, but no precepts exist. This reveals the direction where precept system of Ming Dynasty has gone. We can locate the attribute of this event correctly only from the perspective of department law. The analysis on the basic facts that the precepts of Ming transform into the bylaws of Qing Dynasty contributes to clarify the clues of laws and precepts system development. Comparing the following relationship between the precepts of Jin, Tang, Song Dynasty, regulations of Yuan Dynasty and the precepts of Ming Dynasty, bylaws of Qing Dynasty is significant for understanding and holding several questions, such as initial differentiation of legal department, division of labor and compiling of codes in Ancient China.