非平衡热力学在界面传递过程中的应用

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics analysis and its application for interfacial mass transfer

21世纪以来,随着各学科之间的交叉渗透,化学工程的研究对象越来越复杂,界面传递对多相化工过程的影响越来越显示出它的重要性,传统的传递模型已经很难对界面复杂动态的传递行为进行定量描述.本文应用线性非平衡态热力学理论,对传统物质传递模型进行描述,分析界面传递过程速率J强化的三个因素:界面传质系数K、传递截面积A、界面化学位梯度Δμ.以含钾化合物作为模型体系,基于非平衡热力学原理建立了描述和预测固-液界面处介质传递速率的模型,并建立了描述其溶解速率的通用模型和测定钾离子动力学数据的实验方法,通过分析探讨了多相过程速率强化的途径.

Since 21st century, the research objects of chemical engineering have been becoming increasingly complicated with the development and interaction of various subjects. Interfacial transfer has played more and more important role in the multi-phase chemical process. However, it is difficult to describe the complex interfacial transport behavior by the traditional mass transfer model. In this paper, the interfacial mass transfer model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics is described to analyze the rate of interfacial transport. The interfacial transfer process rate J depends on interface mass transfer coefficients K, interfacial area A and chemical potential gradient △u at interface. Herein, potassium inorganic compounds were selected as model systems. The model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics was established to describe and predict the transport rate of solid-solution interface. And combining with the accurate experimental kinetic data of potassium ion achieved by the ion selective electrodes, the general model which is used to describe the dissolution rate was further established to analyze the means for improving the process rate.