家庭生活用能对二氧化碳排放的影响分析

Analyses of Effects of Household Energy Consumption on CO_2 Emissions

家庭生活用能是温室气体二氧化碳的重要来源之一。通过对中国四川、陕西、重庆和江西的部分地区家庭能源消费进行实地问卷调查,本文运用因素分解法(LMDI)分析了家庭二氧化碳排放量与能源消费结构、家庭成员所受教育程度、家庭年收入、家庭人口及环保意识等因素的关系。结果表明,受教育程度和环保意识对于二氧化碳减排有积极的贡献,而家庭能源结构、家庭人口和家庭年收入对二氧化碳减排有负面的影响;其中家庭能源结构、受教育程度和环保意识对于二氧化碳减排有较大的影响。家庭人均年收入在不同的水平对二氧化碳排放的影响不同:低水平(指人均年收入低于10000元)有利于二氧化碳减排;高水平则促进二氧化碳排放。最后,在分析有关原因的基础上,本文针对家庭生活用能提出了相应的建议。

Household energy consumption is one of the important resources for CO2 emissions.Based on questionnaire surveys on household energy consumption of some families in Sichuan Province,Shaanxi Province,Chongqing Municipality,and Jiangxi Province located in central or western China,CO2 emissions from house energy consumption were obtained through relative CO2 emission coefficients.Then the Factor Decomposition Method（LMDI）,which has been widely used to analyze the relationships between energy and greenhouse gas emissions in China,was applied to analyze related factors’ impacts on CO2 emissions,including impacts from the energy structure,the education level of family members,annual family income,family population,and environmental consciousness.Results show that the corresponding factors have different contributions to CO2 emissions in the investigated areas：the number of family members〉the educational level of family members〉energy structure〉family income〉the environmental consciousness of family members in Chongqing Municipality;energy structure〉the environmental consciousness of family members〉the educational level of family members〉the number of family members〉family income in Sichuan Province;energy structure〉family income〉the educational level of family members〉the environmental consciousness of family members〉the number of family members in Shaanxi Province;family income〉the number of family members〉energy structure〉the educational level of family members〉the environmental consciousness of family members in Jiangxi Province.In general,the education level and environmental consciousness of family members have active contributions to CO2 emissions reduction because people with a high education level and environmental consciousness generally choose to live a environmental friendly life,while unreasonable energy structure and household scale have negative contributions to CO2 reduction because high fossil energy ratio produces more CO2 emissions and too small household scales lead to low energy efficiency.Meanwhile,when the annual income per capita is under a certain level（ten thousand Yuan per capita in this study）,the growing family income can reduce CO2 emissions in this study period because increasing family income makes people afford some relatively clean energy resources;however,when the annual income per capita exceeds the corresponding level,the growing family income can promote CO2 emissions due to increasing family income stimulating luxurious consumption,and marked consumption,etc.In the end,some suggestions for reducing CO2 emissions from household energy consumption were put forward,such as further improving energy structure,raising the educational level and environmental consciousness of people,optimizing family scale,and advocating reasonable consumption styles.