苗药大果木姜子挥发油成分变化及其地理分布

Volatile oil contents correlate with geographical distribution patterns of the miao ethnic herb Fructus Cinnamomi

采用ArcGIS地理信息系统软件的空间分析方法和SPSS13.0统计软件的统计分析方法,分析了大果木姜子化学型及其地理分布。结果显示:(1)大果木姜子果实挥发油的化学组分主要存在3种化学型:HS型、PJ型和LS型,其中PJ型和LS型的化学成分构成较为相近。(2)HS型主要分布在苗岭的西南部、红水河流域800 m以下的区域,以1,8-桉叶素和α-松油醇的百分含量高于60%(1,8-桉叶素大于55%)、α-水芹烯和D-柠檬烯的百分含量低于10%为特征;PJ型主要分布在南北盘江流域、乌蒙山东南部800 m左右的区域,以1,8-桉叶素和α-松油醇的百分含量低于50%(1,8-桉叶素小于40%)、α-水芹烯和D-柠檬烯的百分含量介于(10%—20%)为特征;LS型主要分布在岑王老山900 m以上的区域,1,8-桉叶素小于30%。(3)分布区内的气候在一定程度上影响了大果木姜子果实挥发油的形成与变化,太阳辐射和日照时数是其主要影响因素之一。

The 40 samples and distribution information were obtained by field investigation,that distributed in 7 counties of Guizhou and Guangxi provinces,one of the main habitats of Cinnamomum migao in China.We investigated the chemotype and geographical locations of 40 samples of the Miao ethnic herb Fructus Cinnamomi（Cinnamomum migao） from 7 counties of Guizhou and Guangxi provinces,one of the main habitats of this medicinal herb in China.The nine major volatile oils including isopropyl ether,α-pinene,β-pinene,α-phellandrene,D-limonene,1,8-eucalyptol,sabinene,α-terpineol and cyclohexane,were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and correlated with geographical distributions of the samples in Geographic Information System（ArcGis）.The following results are presented in this report：（1） Based on composition of the nine volatile oils,Fructus Cinnamomi can be classified into three chemotypes： HS type,PJ type and LS type,and the chemical composition of the latter two types are more similar.（2） There are apparent correlations between chemotypes and geographical locations of Fructus Cinnamomi.The HS type appears mainly in the southwest regions of the Miaoling Mountain and the Hongshui River basin,normally below 800 meters in altitude（relative to the sea level）.This chemotype contains high amounts of 1,8-eucalyptol（60%） and α-terpinol（55%）,and low amounts of α-phellandrene and D-limonene（both 10%）.In contrast,the PJ type is distributed mainly in the southeast of the Wumeng Mountain,the Nanpanjiang River basin and the Beipanjiang River basin,often more than 800 meters above sea level.Compared to the HS type,the PJ type is characterized by lower amounts of 1,8-eucalyptol（40%） and α-terpinol（50%）,and higher amounts of α-phellandrene and D-limonene（between 10% and 20%）.The LS type is distributed mainly on the Cenwanglao Mountain,also in regions about 800 meters above sea level.This chemotype contains less than 40% of 1,8-eucalyptol.Based on these findings,we propose a hypothesis that climatic factors such as the intensity and the average length of sunshine affect significantly volatile oil compositions in Fructus Cinnamomi to a certain degree.