扩张时期研究生教育科类结构的特点及变化分析

Analysis on the Characteristic and Change of Disciplinary Structure of Postgraduate Education in the Expansion Time

20世纪90年代末以来,我国高等教育进入了规模扩张时期。研究生规模的迅速扩大、研究生人数的急剧增加,使得研究生教育成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分。伴随着数量的发展,研究生教育的科类结构形成了如下特征:(1)工学、理学、管理学、医学所占比例较大,相加起来达到总数的70%;而哲学、历史学、农学、教育学所占比例较小,均在4%以下。(2)理科与文科的比例约为6∶4。(3)硕士生的科类结构与博士生的科类结构存在着一定的差别。对研究生教育科类结构发生直接影响的因素似乎主要来自高等教育内部。

Since the end of the 1990＇s,Chinese higher education has entered the scale expansion time.The sharp growth of graduate student populations causes the postgraduate education into an important component of higher education in China.Followed the growth of quantity,some main features are formed in the disciplinary structure of postgraduate education as follows： Firstly,the number of the graduate students majored in Engineering,Science,Administrators and Medicine takes the bigger proportion,which adds up to 70 percent,whereas that of the students majored in Philosophy,History,Agriculture and Education takes the smaller proportion,below 4 percent.Secondly,the proportion of the graduate students majored in Science is 60 percent,whereas that of the students majored in Liberal Arts is 40 percent.Thirdly,the disciplinary structure of master degree＇s students is different from that of doctoral degree＇s students.The main factors resulting in the change of the disciplinary structure come from the inside of higher education.