身体:符号、隐喻与跨界——唐娜·哈拉维“技科学”的主体解析

Body:Sign,Metaphor and Border-crossing——The Review and Analysis on the Subject of Technoscience of Donna Haraway

在女性主义关于身体研究的转向中,有两股重要潮流:一种是作为分析主体的身体;一种是作为主观体验的身体。唐娜.哈拉维是前一种潮流的代表人物。她将身体作为一种符号和隐喻,来为她的技科学思想奠基。哈拉维将可见的"谦卑的见证者"看做技科学的主体,将改变了的身体作为女性主义者编码的自我,以此来形象化地表达重新界定科学技术的边界问题。哈拉维的身体隐喻解构了自然和文化的对立,对技术与政治关系进行了再思考,并强调差异、衍射与批判性思维,具有重要的理论和实践意义;但是,哈拉维的身体理论抽空了身体的主观体验的意义,并且含有西方中心论的预设,因而也存在一定的局限性。

There are two important strands in the feminist studies on the body ： one is the body as the subject of anal- ysis;the other is the body as subjective experience. Donna Haraway is the leading theorist of the former strand. She takes body as a sign and metaphor to establish her theory of technoscience. Haraway makes the visible ＂modest wit- ness＂ as the subject of technoscience,and regards the modified body as the self that feminist must code, on which she based her figuration of redefining the border - crossing of body and the boundaries between science and technol- ogy. Haraway＇ s metaphor of body has both theoretical and practical significance, because it deconstructs the opposition nature and culture, reconsiders the relationship between technology and politics, and emphasizes difference, diffraction and critical thinking as well. However, Haraway＇ s theory of body flattens out the meaning of experience, and assumes a Western -centric world- view, therefore it still has some limitation.