高枝化聚合物的最新研究进展

Recent Developments of the Dendrigraft Polymers

高枝化聚合物（dendrigraft）是树枝状聚合物（dendrimer）家族中的新成员，其合成、性质及应用的研究方兴未艾。本文重点介绍了高枝化聚合物的合成方法：偶联法、引发法、大单体法；前两者是发散式聚合法，而后者是收敛式聚合方法。高枝化聚合物与本家族其它聚合物相比：形态上，它的重复单元是侧链聚合物（而非单体）；结构上，同家族其它成员类似，为核壳结构；分子大小上，较其它成员大1～2个数量级。同时，本文还简介了高枝化聚合物的结构及性质应用。

Dendrigraft polymers are a class of highly branched macromolecules belonging to the dendritic polymer family. Steady and growing interest is quite noticeable for research directed toward the synthesis,architecture and application of the dendrigraft. The highlight of this review is synthetic methodologies. Three distinct synthetic methodologies are considered for the preparation of these materials： divergent ＇grafting-onto＇, divergent ＇ grafting-from＇ and convergent ＇ grafting-through＇. Comparison of the other members of the dendritic polymer family： unlike the other dendritic counterparts, dendrigraft are not composed of repeatable monomeric units throughout the whole macromolecule, but only the side chains; dendrigraft have the unique core-shell structures just like the others; the size of dendrigraft are typically 1 -2 orders of magnitude larger than their comparators. Interesting properties reported for dendrigraft are also discussed, as well as some applications.