我国东北地区不同生态条件下玉米品种积温需求及利用特征

Characteristics of accumulated temperature demand and its utilization of maize under different ecological conditions in Northeast China

为研究玉米品种在年份间和地域间正常成熟所需积温特征及其对当地积温的利用效率,以广适性品种郑单958为试验材料,2007—2009年在我国东北春播玉米区(40°—48°N),累计布置28个试验区,开展了55点次的玉米生长发育与产量表现联网试验.结果表明:我国东北春播玉米种植区的气象条件差异较大,在同一试验区,不同年份玉米完成整个生育进程所需积温差异不显著(P>0.1);在同一年份,不同试验区所需积温呈极显著差异(P<0.001),其中从播种至出苗阶段地区间相对差异最大,其次是吐丝至成熟阶段,出苗至吐丝阶段差异最小.郑单958成熟度与研究区热量条件显著相关,当地积温的利用效率与纬度呈极显著的线性回归关系;该品种在生长季>3000℃活动积温的地区属于安全种植带,小于该值的地区将受到不能正常成熟的威胁.在一定气候条件下,玉米品种对积温的需求相对稳定.受热量条件的影响,在玉米品种自我生理反应调节下,地区间各生长发育时期所需积温差异显著.

To understand the accumulated temperature （ACT） demand of maize for its normal maturation among years and regions as well as the use efficiency of local ACT, a group of work-net field experiments was conducted at 55 sites in 28 regions of Northeast China spring maize planting area （40°07′- 48°08′ N） in 2007-2009, taking an eurychoric maize variety Zhengdan 958 as test object. The meteorological conditions in the area had large difference. In the same regions, the active accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ in whole corn growth season （ACT10 for short） demand of Zhengdan 958 for completing its whole growth and development process had little difference among different years （P0.1）. However, in different regions, this demand differed significantly （P0.001） in the same years, with the largest difference occurred from seedling stage to emergence stage, followed by at post-silking stage, and the least at pre-silking stage. The maturity degree of Zhengdan 958 had significant correlations with local heat conditions, and there was a linear relationship between use efficiency and latitude. Zhengdan 958 could be safely matured in the regions with the ACT10 being more than 3000 ℃, and had a risk of immaturity in the regions with the ACT10 less than 3000 ℃. In conclusion, under certain meteorological conditions, the ACT demand of Zhengdan 958 for completing its growth process was relatively stable, and, due to the self physiological adjusting, the ACT10 demand of Zhengdan 958 at its different growth stages showed a significant difference among different regions.