果树单倍体和加倍单倍体(DH)技术研究与应用进展

Advances in the research and application of haploid and doubled haploid technologies in fruit trees

果树具有生殖周期长、基因高度杂合、树体高大、通常自交不亲和的特点,导致其无法通过传统育种方法获得纯系。单倍体和加倍单倍体(DH)的产生为解决这一问题提供了一种强有力的生物技术工具。与传统育种方法相比,单倍体和加倍单倍体(DH)可缩短从杂合亲本中获得纯系的时间,这一特点使其被广泛应用于植物育种和遗传研究。果树单倍体的获得及其加倍技术研究已有几十年的历史,虽然已取得重大进展,但仍然存在一些技术问题和应用障碍。综述了果树单倍体和加倍单倍体技术研究进展及其在果树育种中的应用:包括果树单倍体的获得方法、鉴定方法、单倍体加倍方法、在果树育种中的应用等,并就存在的问题及发展趋势作了初步的阐述和分析。

In fruit crops,characterized by high heterozygosity,long generation cycle time,large tree size,and（often） self-incompatibility,there is no other way to produce homozygous breeding lines through conventional methods.Haploid and doubled haploid（DH） production provides a particularly attractive biotechnological tool in breeding of fruit trees.Haploids and doubled haploids reduce the time needed to produce homozygous lines compared to conventional breeding.So they are widely used in plant breeding and genetic studies.Haploid and doubled haploid（DH） production has been studied for several decades.Although great progress has been made,there are still some technical problems and application barrier.The progress and application of haploid and doubled haploid technologies in fruit trees were summarized,including the methodologies for obtaining haploid and doubling of haploid and their application potentials in fruit breeding.The problems and prospects of haploid and doubled haploid were also discussed.