杏植株再生与遗传转化研究进展

Advances in apricot regeneration and genetic transformation

杏是我国主要果树之一,其育种一直以传统方法为主,一般存在周期长、成本高、可利用资源有限、种间杂交后代成活率低等问题。植物生物技术育种方法可以解决这些问题。再生与转化系统是实现杏基因转化的前提与基础。杏的再生与转化技术还不成熟,目前只限于少数几个品种或种子材料,其再生与转化方法有待进一步研究。结合作者的研究结果,综述了杏的不同类型外植体再生体系的建立,分析了各种因素如基因型、培养基、激素等对再生的影响,并总结了杏在遗传转化方面取得的最新进展及影响转化效率的关键因素。

Apricot is one of the most cultivated fruit tree species.So far,progress in apricot improvement has been achieved mainly by conventional breeding methods.These methods,however,in addition to being time-consuming and labor-intensive,meet with a wide range of problems including traits associated with low genetic variation,low survivability of interspecific hybrids,quantitative or unknown specific inheritance of some valuable characteristics such as yield,disease and pest resistance,as well as harvesting characteristics.Plant biotechnology may offer different strategies to overcome these difficulties but need the development of regeneration and transformation systems of this species as a necessary requirement for the introduction of useful genes into specific cultivars and the rapid evaluation of resulting horticultural traits.In apricot,transformation and regeneration of commercial cultivars are not routine,generally being limited to a few genotypes or to seedlings.The future of genetic transformation as a tool for the breeding of apricot requires the development of high efficient transformation procedures,based on high regeneration.In this review,the potential and limitations of in vitro cultivation of Prunus armeniaca L.as well as important factors affecting apricot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation are discussed based on the existing literature data and our own experience.