岷江下游四川地区荔枝资源调查

Investigation on the litchi germplasm resources in the lower reach of Minjiang river of China

通过对岷江下游四川成都、乐山、眉山、宜宾等地区荔枝古树的调查,结果表明,荔枝古树主要沿岷江及其支流青衣江、大渡河的河谷分布,从北纬29°05'到北纬29°48',从海拔340 m至600 m均有栽植。现存数量658株,荔枝古树为高大乔木,树龄在100 a以上。果实成熟期6月下旬到7月中旬。果实形状有圆形、心形、椭圆形等。果皮颜色有红色、粉红色和红黄、红绿等复合色。按照果实表皮特点分为6个类型包括龟裂片隆起型、龟裂片突起尖锐型和龟裂片平坦型等3个大类。荔枝古树不同类型间平均单果质量最小为9.2 g,最大为25.5 g,可食率最低44.3%,最高72.5%。这些荔枝古树具有一定的多样性。岷江下游的荔枝古树不仅是重要的生物资源,同时也是重要的文化资源,加强保护具有重要意义。

Litchi（Litchi chinensis Sonn.） germplasm resources of the Minjiang valley in China were investigated from 2006 to 2010.The results demonstrated that ancient litchi trees were distributed along the Minjiang river and its tributaries like Qingyijiang and Dadu river from latitude 29°05＇ N to 29°48＇ N and the elevation from 340 m to 600 m above the sea level.The ages of the all ancient litchi trees are over 100 years.According to the shapes of the exocarp,the germplasms can be identified as 6 types including the protruding and hard protuberances,the hairlike protuberances and the smooth protuberances.The average fruit mass of different types is from 9.2 g to 25.5g,The range of edible ratio is 44.3% to 72.5%.The mature time is from late June to middle July.The fruit shapes are of the round,the heart and the ellipse and so on.The color of the fruit includes red,green,pink-red and other complex colors.These ancient litchi trees with some diversity are important resources both in biology and culture.