普通长翼蝠听觉器官的解剖研究

The anatomical research of auditoty organs of Miniopterus schreibersi

目的了解蝙蝠听觉器官的结构特征,丰富哺乳动物听觉器官解剖学资料。方法显微解剖分离得到普通长翼蝠听觉器官的各构件,在LEICAMZ16F显微镜下对各构件进行拍照,用软件Spotadvanced对照片进行测量,并对所得到的数据进行相关性分析。结果测得外耳长(L)、锤骨柄长(L1)、砧骨长突长(L2)、耳蜗径高(H)、底宽(W)、鼓膜面积(S1)、镫骨底面面积(S2)分别为(12.44±1.75)mm、(1.03±0.19)mm、(0.54±0.08)mm、(2.59±0.14)mm、(1.77±0.10)mm、(3.25±0.43)mm2、(0.14±0.02)mm2;分析发现,L1与L2之间,S1与S2之间及W与H之间均存在显著相关性;不同个体的中耳对声压的放大倍数差异不明显。结论普通长翼蝠听器官各构件形成一个精密高效的传递系统,为其回声定位功能奠定了基础。

Objective To understand the structure characteristics of bat auditory organs and increase the anatomy data of mammals＇ auditory organs.Methods The components of auditory organs of miniopterus schreibersi were isolated by microscopic anatomy,then taking their photos by using the equipment of LEICA MZ16 F camera and measuring some length indexes from these photos by Spot advanced software.After that,the corelationship between these indexes was analyzed.Results The measured length of outer ear（L）,malleus＇ helve（L1）,incus＇ crus longum（L2）,the height（H） and bottom width（W） of cochlea,the area of tympanic membrane（S1） and stapes＇ subface（S2） were（12.44±1.75） mm,（1.03±0.19） mm,（0.54±0.08） mm,（2.59±0.14）mm,（1.77±0.10）mm,（3.25±0.43）mm2,and（0.14±0.02）mm2,respectively.There was remarkable corelationships between the length of L1 and L2,the W and H,as well as S1 and S2,respectively.No significant difference about the magnification of the sound pressure by middle ear appeared between the different individuals.Conclusions A delicate and well-worked transmission system was assembled with individual components of auditory organs on mini opterus schreibersi,which established a fundamental condition for the function of echolocation.