劳动收入份额决定机制:一个微观模型

On the Determinants and Mechanisms of Labor Share: A Micro-model

本文根据中国制度环境构建一个包含劳动力异质性和企业异质性的模型,旨在考察劳动收入份额微观决定机制。主要结论是:(1)工资率、生产技术和税负对劳动收入份额的影响方向具有多样性。(2)垄断和改制降低了劳动收入份额,劳动者参与利润分享常可提高劳动收入份额。由于作用稳健,对劳动收入份额进行宏观调控时,宜于从这些方面入手设计政策工具。(3)在一定规则和条件下,让企业自主选择改制深度和分享比例,将产生劳动者、雇主和政府三方共赢的格局,有助于实现"两个提高"和"包容性增长"目标。

Using a micro-model with heterogeneity in labor and firm, this paper investigates the determinants and mechanisms of labor share under China＇ s institutional circumstances. The main findings can be boiled down to the following three points. Firstly,such factors as wage rates, the production technology and tax burden have diverse effects upon labor share in firm level. Secondly, in firm level, the monopoly in product market and the restructuring of firm always have negative effects on labor share,and profit sharing usually has positive effect upon labbr share, so it is quite helpful to control labor share in macro-level by means of the policies being relative to these factors. Last but not least, the well-being of employees, employers and government will be improved all together on condition that the firm has the rights to choose the structure of target and the ratio of profit sharing under some special rules. These conclusions imply that profit sharing is beneficial to build a society with the texture of ＂ growth with equity＂ and realize the aim of ＂ two promotions＂ in income distribution.