现象学的一次越界:与晚期胡塞尔一起思考死亡

A Border-Crossing from Phenomenology:Meditation over Death with Late Husserl

为了接近死亡现象,胡塞尔设想了四条可能的道路:他人的死亡;同睡眠的比较;从现在的身体出发,回溯地进展到自己的儿童时代;或者向前推进到自己的疾病或衰老时期。经过探查,胡塞尔发现,这些道路都无法通向死亡现象。他决定另辟蹊径。从意向性和平行论出发,通过对自我、身体、世界等之间关系的梳理,通过对死亡与睡眠的类比以及超越论的交互主体性的引入,胡塞尔最终让死亡的界碑以及死亡本身成为清晰可见的现象:死亡是自我从超越论共同体的退出,在死亡中,自我发生着降解并进入虚无之中。严格依据胡塞尔的现象学理论以及他对于死亡的思考框架进行不同的推演和证明,可以提出一种新的可能性:自我在退出超越论的共同体之后,在一种失去节制和限度的状态中仍然继续着它的构造。

In order to approach the phenomenon of death,Husserl conceives four possible ways: the death of others,comparison with sleep,starting from the present body in retrospect to our own childhood,and pushing forward to our own time of disease and senescence.Through exploration,Husserl finds out that these ways cannot lead us to the phenomenon of death.He decides to proceed with another path.It is fromintentionality and parallelism,through the reorganization and summary of the relationship between I,body and the world etc,by the analogy of death with sleep and the introduction of transcendental subjectivity that Husserl makes the boundary stone of death and the death itself become a clearly visible phenomenon at last: death is the dropping off from the transcendental community,and in death'I'becomes degenerated and enters nothingness.The writer makes another kind of strict inference and demonstration according to Husserl’s theory of phenomenology and his meditational framework over death and puts forward a newpossibility:'I'will continue its constitution after the dropping off from the transcendental community,but in a state of loss of abstinence and limitation.