杏鲍菇菌渣循环利用技术研究

Study on the Recycling Use Technology of Spent Pleurotus eryngii Substrate

通过对杏鲍菇菌渣成分进行分析,明确菌渣再利用的可能性,并对菌渣进行堆制发酵,堆制后的菌渣通过配比进行蘑菇的制种和栽培试验。研究结果表明,只采摘1茬的杏鲍菇菌渣仍含有丰富的碳源和氮源,可以利用杏鲍菇菌渣替代部分培养料用于双孢蘑菇制种与栽培,提高资源利用率。从杏鲍菇菌渣堆制过程温度变化曲线可以看出,料堆最高温度可升至70℃。堆制后的菌渣加深了腐熟度,适合双孢蘑菇菌丝生长。杏鲍菇菌渣添加10%牛粪进行堆制发酵后按30%～50%的添加比例与棉籽壳混合制作双孢蘑菇菌种,既可降低制种成本(节约制种原料成本约40%),又能保证蘑菇菌丝正常生长。杏鲍菇菌渣栽培双孢蘑菇,菌渣使用量可控制在20%～30%左右,从示范栽培结果看平均单产可与常规堆肥的单产持平,而使用30%杏鲍菇菌渣可降低栽培投料成本约25%。

The composition of spent mushroom compost （SMC） after Pleurotus eryngii cultivation was analyzed, and the possibility of SMC recycling was defined. Moreover, the SMC was fermented and used in the spawn-making and cultiva- tion trial of Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that the SMC of P. eryngii harvested one time contained rich carbon and nitrogen resources, and could be used in the spawn-making and cultivation of A. bisporus instead of part of compost. The SMC fermentation temperature could reach up to 70℃, and the fermented SMC was more rotten and suitable for the growth of A. bisporus mycelia. After fermented together with 10% of cow manure, the P. eryngii SMC was mixed with cotton-seed shell with a ratio of 30-50%, and used in A. bisporus spawn-making, which not only reduced 40% of raw materials cost, but ensured the normal growth of mycelia. In the cultivation of A. bisporus, similar production could be got when using 20%-30% SMC, while 30% P. ervngii SMC could reduce about 25% of compost cost.