华南沿海风沙危害防护体系及其效益分析

Wind-Blown Sand Control System and Its Benefit on the Coast of Southern China

海岸风沙危害防治是一项涉及海洋工程、风沙地貌和空气动力等多学科交叉的难题。由于风水两相耦合作用,海岸风沙活动较内陆沙漠地区有其独特的地域环境特征,加之潮汐作用、海浪的冲刷和台风的严重威胁,以及海水对防沙材料的浸蚀作用,使海岸风沙危害防治与实践更加复杂和困难。根据海岸风沙活动规律及潮汐作用特点,借鉴包兰铁路沙坡头段风沙危害防治体系的经验,提出了以阻为主、阻固结合、以工程措施为先导、最终以生物措施替代工程措施的综合防治思路,建立海岸风沙危害综合防护体系,并对其防护效益进行了分析。

Control of wind-blown sand damage on the coast is relatively more difficult than in the other sandy regions of inner land because it involves many disciplines,such as oceanographic engineering,aeolian geomorphology and aerodynamics.Owing to the coupling reaction of sea water and wind,regional characteristics of wind-blown sand activity on the coast is unique.In addition,prevention of wind-blown sand damage on the coast is very difficult and complex under the effect of tide,wave and typhoon.According to the regional characteristics of wind-blown sand and tide on the coast of southern China,we give an idea of wind-blown sand damage control on the coast by using the typical protection system along the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway for reference.That is,the dominant measure is sand-blocking and the second measure is sand-fixing,and mechanical method is adopted in the former period and then be substituted by vegetable fixation.On this basis,a typical control system of wind-blown sand damage along coast is established and its benefit is analyzed then.