摘要
1895年中国在甲午战争中的惨败,促进了中华民族的觉醒。中华民族觉醒的标志之一,是西方近代民族主义在20世纪初的传入和影响。西方近代民族主义是西方各国在从前近代的"王朝国家"走向近代的"民族国家"的过程中产生和发展起来的,建立"民族国家"是西方近代民族主义的核心或主要内容。受其影响,建立近代的"民族国家"也是辛亥革命前中国近代民族主义的追求目标。但在建立一个什么样的"民族国家"的问题上,以孙中山为代表的革命派和以梁启超为代表的立宪派则有着不同的主张,前者主张"排满",建立一个单一的汉民族国家,而后者主张"合满",建立一个包括满族在内的统一的多民族国家,为此双方展开过激烈论战。其结果建立一个民主共和的、统一的多民族国家成了革命派和立宪派的共同选择。中华民国的成立,标志着中国近代民族国家的初步建立。
Modern nationalism in the west developed in a historical course from pre-modern ＂imperial state＂ to modern ＂nation state＂. The core idea was to found a ＂nation state＂. Influenced by this idea, the Chinese nationalists before the 1911 Revolution also set their goal at founing a modern ＂nation state＂. However, the revolutionaries led by Sun Yetsen and the constitutionalists represented by Liang Qichao held different ideas about what the nation state should be like. The consequent heated debates resulted in a consensus that a united democratic multi-nation republic was to be found. Thus, the founding of the Chinese Republic signaled an initial step towards the founding of a modern Chinese nation state.
出处
《教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第9期5-12,共8页
Teaching and Research
关键词
近代民族主义
民族建国
辛亥革命
中华民国
modem nationalism
founding of nation state
the 1911 Revolution
the Chinese Republic
