马克思劳动二重性学说的理论来源

Origin of Marx's Theory on the Dual Nature of Labor

马克思特别重视劳动二重性学说,认为这一学说是"对事实的全部理解的基础",而这一学说能够产生,在思想史上有两个作为前提的关键的环节,一个是劳动产生价值的思想,一个是对劳动进行一般和特殊的区分。这两个关键环节也就是马克思劳动二重性学说的理论来源。这两个关键的思想基础分别由古典经济学和黑格尔提出的,但是古典经济学和黑格尔由于哲学上的根本局限性,都没有从这些理论基础上进一步前进。马克思吸收了这两种思想作为基础,并且在哲学上产生了根本性的超越,从而产生劳动二重性学说,这一学说既使得经济学发生根本变革,也蕴含着一种新的哲学。

Marx especially emphasized the theory on the dual nature of labor, considering that it was ＂where comprehensive understanding of the facts was based＂. Two crucial premises in the history of ideas had led to the formation of this theory and served as its theoretical origin. One is the idea that labor produces value; the other is differentiation of general labor and specific labor. These ideas were raised by classical economics and Hegel respectively. But due to philosophical limitations, both classical economics and Hegel failed to further develop them. Drawing on these ideas Marx fulfilled his cardinal philosophical transcendence and thus put forward the theory on the dual nature of labor. The author remarks that the theory on the dual nature of labor initiated a fundamental revolution in economics and pointed to a new type of philosophy.