膳食多样化与婴儿微量营养素摄入及其体格生长的相关性

Correlation of Dietary Diversity and Infant Micronutrient Intake and Growth

目的验证简易的膳食多样化分数(DDS)和食物种类多样化分数(FVS)对评估婴儿膳食质量的有效性。方法选取足月、单胎、12月龄健康婴儿,针对父母及照料者调查婴儿喂养情况。调查当日测量获得婴儿体格生长数据。按照婴儿1个月内各类食物摄入频度和种类计算DDS;按照婴儿1周内摄入食物种类计算FVS。详细定量记录婴儿连续3 d的膳食,并运用膳食分析软件计算各种营养素摄入量。结果共236例12月龄婴儿进入分析。婴儿体格生长良好,平均按年龄身长、按年龄体质量、按身长体质量的Z评分(LAZ、WAZ、WLZ)分别达到0.44±0.88、0.78±0.81、0.79±0.83。婴儿热能、蛋白质及绝大多数微量营养素的营养素适宜比例(NAR),即膳食摄入量与WHO推荐摄入量的比值,均超过100%。DDS、FVS、DDS+FVS高分组婴儿的LAZ、WAZ、WLZ均高于相应的低分组婴儿,但差异均无统计学意义。DDS和FVS分别与多种微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关,DDS+FVS则与更多的微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关。婴儿体格生长指标与多项微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关。结论简易的DDS、FVS评分可用于评价婴儿的膳食质量,DDS+FVS可能更有效。增加食物多样性有利于婴儿获得全面平衡的营养,促进其生长。

Objective To validate the utility of dietary diversity scores（DDS） and food diversity scores（FVS） in evaluating the nutritional quality of an infant′s diet.Methods Singlet,normal birth weight,and healthy 12 months old infants were recruited.Infant feeding information was obtained from the parents and（or） caregivers.Anthropometric measurements were obtained the same day.DDS was constructed using the frequency of feedings,as well as types of foods provided to the infant in the past month;FVS was constructed using the types of foods consumed in the past week.Nutritional intake data was obtained from 3-day diet records,then analyzed by using Nutrition Data System for Research（NDSR）.Results A total of 236 infants were included in this study.Their length-for-age Z score（LAZ）,weight-for-age Z score（WAZ）,and weight-for-length Z score（WLZ） were 0.44±0.88,0.78±0.81,0.79±0.83,respectively.Nutrient for adequacy ratio（NAR） was calculated by using dietary intake and WHO recommended intake.The NAR（%） of energy,protein and the majority of micronutrients exceeded 100%.Compared with infants with low FVS,DDS and DDS＋FVS scores,the WAZ,WLZ,LAZ were higher in infants with high scores,but not statistically significant.FVS and DDS were positively associated with the NAR（%） of multiple micronutrients.FVS＋DDS was positively associated with the NAR（%） of almost all micronutrients.The NAR（%） of most micronutrients were positively associa-ted with WAZ,WLZ and LAZ.Conclusions DDS and FVS are very effective tools that can be used to evaluate the quality of an infant′s diet.DDS＋FVS may be more effective.Increasing an infant′s dietary diversity will improve their micronutrient intake and promote growth.