发育期补充DHA对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

Effect of DHA supplementation during development on rats spatial learning and memory ability

研究发育期补充DHA对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响。将144只初断乳雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表法随机分为6组:阴性对照(正常饲料)组、阴性对照(EFA缺乏饲料)组、阳性对照(脑复康400 mg/(kg.d))组、DHA小、中、大剂量(150、3006、00 mg/(kg.d))组,每组24只。分别在喂养4周8、周、12周时,Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试,并同步测定大鼠脑组织总蛋白含量、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及血液血常规检查。水迷宫结果显示:喂养8周时,与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组和DHA中剂量组逃避潜伏期均明显缩短(P<0.05)、有效时间比和穿越平台次数均明显增加(P<0.05);喂养12周时,与阴性对照组相比,DHA大剂量组潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),脑组织MDA含量明显增加(P<0.05),SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05);其余各组AChE、SOD活性、MDA含量差异均不显著。研究可以得出:DHA增强大鼠空间学习记忆具有明显的量效和时效关系;发育期长时间大剂量的补充DHA,会造成学习记忆能力下降,可能有一定的毒副作用。

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of DHA oil during development of rats on the spatial learning and memory ability, a total of 144 neonatal male SD rats （ 1 month old） were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the method of random digits table ： negative control group fed normal feed, negative control group fed essential fatty acid -deficient feed, positive control group （Piracetam 400 mg/（kg · d））, low, middle and high dose of DHA group （150, 300, 600 mg/（kg · d））, twenty- four rats in each group. After 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks of administration respectively, the spatial learning and memory ability were detected by Morris water maze test, and after that the level of total protein, acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD ）, malondialdehyde （MDA） in the brain tissue of rats and blood routine were determined. In the Morris water maze test, at 8 weeks of administra- tion, compared with negative control group, the escape latency decreased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） in positive control group and middle dose of DHA group, the ratio of the effective time and the number of crossing - platform increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. At 12 weeks of administration, compared with negative control group, the escape latency increased significantly （P 〈 0. 01 ） in high dose of DHA group, MDA content of brain increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, the activity of SOD decreased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, and there was no statistical significance among the other groups about the indexes of ACHE, SOD, MDA. The research showed that supplementation of DHA during development of rats improving the spatial learning and memory ability had significant dose - effect and time - effect relationship. Supplementation of large dose of DHA for long time during development of rats could reduce the spatial learning and memory ability.