专业化：残疾人自助组织发展的影响因素

Professionalization: Societal Factor on Development of the Self-help Groups for the Disabled Persons

专业化与自助组织的关系一直是学术界探讨的热点问题。对北京6家残疾人自助组织展开的研究发现,专业教育和专业支持构成自助组织专业化的两个主要方面。专业教育主要表现为对非政府组织(NGO)的理解和对自助组织发展相关政策的认知。专业教育不足,使残疾人自助组织的发展陷入"能力不足—影响行政效率—组织成员投入不足—项目效果较差—组织能力难以提升"的恶性循环当中。直接参与组织运作与管理和志愿性专业支持是残疾人自助组织两种主要专业支持的表现方式。其中,志愿性专业支持较为普遍,但存在临时性、非长期性的缺陷。这种现状有利于保证残疾人自助组织的充分自主性,但也造成了一定的负面影响。

The professional support and its effect on the development of the self-help groups for the disabled persons are the main questions of this study. The qualitative method is used to conduct the study. The data is collected by interview, participant observation and literature review in the 6 self-help groups for the disabled persons in Beijing. The study finds that the professionalization includes professional education and professional support. The professionalization includes professional education and professional support. Lack of the professional education brings the development of the self-help groups for the disabled persons into the vicious circle of development. The direct participant and the volunteer are primary ways for the professionals take part in the self-help groups for the disabled persons. The voluntary professional support is temporary and non-regular. This situation represents the autonomy of the self-help groups for the disabled persons, but makes some negative effect on their development. In the end, the policy and service implication for development of the self-help groups for the disabled persons are also discussed.