未经同意的治疗:知情同意权的相对性——兼评《侵权责任法》第56条

Treatment without Consent:the Relativity of Informed Consent Right——With Comment on Article 56 of Tort Liability Law of China

患者享有知情同意权,但知情同意权具有相对性。在特定情形下,为了保护患者本人或他人的生命健康等个体利益或为了社会公共利益,未经同意的治疗是合法的。我国《侵权责任法》第56条对于未经同意的治疗规定过于简单,全国人大法工委则将拒绝治疗权解释为绝对的权利,这不符合法律发展的规律。建议在立法上对未经同意的治疗范围作出列举性与概括性相结合的规定,在法解释方面将个案审查与决定权赋予法院或中立的专家委员会。在法律体系外,还应关注医生职业的高度伦理性,建立医患双方的互相信任,平衡医患及社会多方利益。

The patients enjoy the informed consent fight, but it is of relativity. In order to protect the individuals＇ interests such as patients or other individuals＇ interests to the lives and health and public interests such as public health, the treatment without consent is legal in certain circumstances. The provisions of Article 56 of Tort Liability Law is for the treatment without consent, which is too simple, while the Civil Law Office of National People~ Congress explained the right to refuse treatment as a absolute right, that does not accord with the rules of development of the law. Certain types of the treatments without consents should be provided both numerated and summarized in legislation. The power to ease examination and decision should be granted to the court or neutral expert committee. Beyond the legal system, we should pay attention to the ethics of doctor career, establish the trust between doctor and patient, and balance the interests among doctor, patient and society.