论基因医疗信息对第三人的披露

Reflections on the Disclosure of Genetic Medical Information to the Third Party

在基因医疗的情况下,医师应该在法律上对患者尽到疾病基因传递风险的警告义务。在一定的范围和程度上,医师也应该向与患者有密切血亲关系的第三人做出基因疾病风险的警告和披露。但除了法律的强制要求外,医师对第三人的披露义务仅仅是道德义务,一般只需通过警告患者即可实现。对第三人而言,适当的披露属于医师职业上的权利事项,因涉及第三人之至关重要利益,此种披露可以对抗患者的隐私权。医师就基因医疗信息对第三人的披露可能会陷入种种困境,必须遵照有限披露、事前通知、目的限制和伦理考量等原则。在发生权利冲突的时候,一个对话机制应该在患者、第三人以及医师之间建立起来。

In the case of genetic medicine, physician should fulfill the legal duty to warn the patient of risk of disease＇ s genetical- ly transferable nature. In a certain scope and extent, physician also should make the third party whom has close to his patient to get the warning and disclosure of the risk of disease＇ s genetically transferable nature. But in addition to mandatory requirements of law, the physician＇s disclosure to the third party is only a moral obligation, which can be achieved only through to warn patients generally. For the third party, physician＇ s appropriate disclosure is one of his occupational rights, which can be against the patient＇s privacy for involving the vital interests of the third party. The physician＇s disclosure of patient＇ s genetic medical information to the third party may fall into various plights, so it must comply with the principles of limited disclosure, notice requirement, purpose limitation and ethical considerations. In the event of conflicts of rights, a dialogue mechanism should be established in the patient, the third party and the physician together.