单纯语言符号的理据性

On Motivation of Simple Linguistic Signs

单纯语言符号由音、形、义三个要素构成,符号内部存在着由音义关系构成的语音理据和形义关系构成的文字理据。从符号的音义关系看,索绪尔的单纯语言符号任意性原则是适用的。而从符号的形义关系看,则分为两种情况。使用自源性表意文字的语言具有较高程度的文字理据,其文字理据在语言系统中作用重要;而使用拼音文字的语言文字理据很弱,在语言系统中的作用十分有限。

A linguistic sign has three components, i.e. semantic, phonological and graphological. There are two motivation types in a simple linguistic unit： the phonological motivation defined by the relationship between the semantic and phonological components, and the graphological motivation decided by the semantic and graphological components. Saussure＇s principle of arbitrariness applies to simple linguistic signs in terms of phonological motivation. Languages with phonetic writing system have little graphological motivation which affects the languages to the least extent; languages with ideographic writing system are graphologically motivated and to a great degree are shaped by graphologieal motivation.