初级汉语口语测验题型研究

A Study on Test Item Types of Preliminary Chinese Oral Test

本研究考察适合初级汉语学习者的口语测验题型。从口语能力构想、测验组织方式和考生水平三个方面选择题型,并通过实测来评价题型的适用性、信度和效度。本文通过教师问卷调查的形式最终确定了快速问答、图片比较、听后复述和看图说话四种题型,并编制测验对223名学习汉语半年至一年的留学生进行了实测。结果表明,四种题型均具有较好的评分信度和效度,其中快速问答的表面效度和共时效度最高,听后复述相对较差。考查词、短语和句子层面的题型比考查语段层面的题型更加适合初级汉语学习者,特别是只学习了半年的学生。研究结果还表明,从半年到一年的学习阶段是学生成段表达能力发展的关键阶段,应加以引导和培养。

The study makes an investigation on oral test item types for preliminary Chinese language learners.Item types are chosen from the perspective of the construct of oral proficiency,the organization method of the test and learners＇ level.Actual tests are implemented to evaluate the applicability,the reliability and the validity of these item types.First,four test item types,which are quick-response Q A,pictures comparing,listening paraphrasing,and picture talk,are selected based on the analysis of a teachers questionnaire survey.Then,tests are developed and implemented among 223 foreign students who have been studying Chinese language for half to one year.It is shown by the investigation that all these four item types have good rating reliability and validity,among which quick-response Q A has the best face validity and concurrent validity while those of listening paraphrasing are lower.It is found that item types that examine oral proficiency on the level of words,phrases and sentences are more suitable for preliminary learners than types on the level of discourses,especially for learners who have studied Chinese for only half a year.It is further found that,having been studying Chinese for half to one year,there is a very important period for learners to develop their discourse abilities.During this period,learners should be well directed and trained.