相同性味不同归经中药对复合因素致肺阳虚模型大鼠的影响

Effect of traditional chinese medicine with same flavor and different mreidian on lung-yang deficiency model of rats induced by compound factors

目的:观察比较辛温归肺经(豆蔻、紫苏叶、白芷)与辛温归心肝经(红花、当归)中药对复合因素致肺阳虚大鼠的影响。方法:采用烟熏(外邪犯肺)+冰水游泳(形寒劳倦)+服用冰水(内饮生冷)三因素复合造成肺阳虚大鼠模型,造模同时灌胃给予豆蔻、紫苏叶、白芷、红花、当归水提取物连续38天。试验期间,观察大鼠一般行为学、体重、测量肛温、背温、抓力;末次给药后气管插管毛细玻管法测定排痰量;取血测定血清一氧化氮(NO)、血液学及血液流变学指标;解剖取心、肺、肝、肾、脾,测脏器系数。结果:①辛温归肺经药物:豆蔻、紫苏叶及白芷能提高肺阳虚大鼠体重、肛温、背温、抓力、血白细胞水平,减少痰量、血清NO、血液粘度、心系数、肺系数、脾系数、肾系数;紫苏叶还能降低肝系数,这说明豆蔻、紫苏叶及白芷性味归经相同(同属辛温归肺经),也表现出相近的药理作用,通过辛温入肺从而改善形体消瘦、阳虚内寒、背畏寒、体倦乏力、痰涎清稀、血液亏虚及血脉不畅等。②辛温归心肝经:红花及当归能提高体重、肛温、血细胞水平,减少血清NO、血液粘度、心系数、肺系数、肝系数;当归还能增加抓力,减少脾指数,这说明红花及当归(同属辛温归心肝经)也表现出相近的药理作用,通过辛温入心肝从而改善形体消瘦、阳虚内寒、血液亏虚及血脉不畅等。因归心肝经,入血分,补中有动,行中有补,具有较强的补血活血作用;但对肺阳虚证之背畏寒、体倦乏力、痰涎清稀等无很好的改善作用。结论:性味相同的中药,如果归经相同,则药理作用相近或相同;若归经相异,性味相同,则药理作用相差甚远。这体现了相同性味归经中药之间的药效相近,而相同性味不同归经的中药则药效相远。

Objective： To find out the effect of different traditional Chinese medicines（TCM） with warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in lung（Amomum kravanh,perilla leaf,angelia）,and warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in heart and liver（safflower,angelica）on lung-yang deficiency model of rats induced by compound factors.Methods： Lung-yang deficiency rat model was established with a three-factor combination method（smoking treatment,swimming in iced water,oral administration of iced water）.Rats in different groups were separately given water extract of the TCM（Amomum kravanh,perilla,safflower,angelica） per day by oral administration for 38 days.During this period,the general behaviour,body weight,rectal temperature,back temperature,grip strength were observed.After the last administration,the rats were anesthetized and intubated for measuring the amount of phlegm.Blood samples were collected to estimate the levels of serum NO,haematological and hemarheologic parameters.Organ tissues such as the lungs,heart,liver,spleen,kidneys were obtained to assess their organ coefficient.Results：（1） TCM with warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in lung： The extracts of Amomum kravanh,perilla leaf and angelia could increase the abnormally decreased body weight,rectal temperature,back temperature,grip strength,white blood cells.They could also decrease phlegm,serum NO,blood viscosity,heart index,lung index,spleen index,kidney index.Furthermore,perilla leaf could decrease liver index.It indicates that these three TCM share the same nature,flavor and meridian（warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in lung）.They also show a similar pharmacological effect ： they can ameliorate the emaciation,yang-deficiency induced cold,aversion to cold,fatigue,phlegm thinning,blood-deficiency and blood stagnation via the effect of its pungent-flavor and warm-nature in lungs.（2） TCM with warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in heart and liver ： safflower and angelica could increase the abnormally decreased body weight,rectal temperature,blood cells,grip strength.They could also decrease serum NO,blood viscosity,heart index,lung index,spleen index,liver index.It indicates safflower and angelica（warm-nature,pungent-flavor and meridian tropism in heart and liver） also show a similar pharmacological effect ： they can ameliorate the emaciation,yang-deficiency induced cold,blood-deficiency and blood stagnation via the effect of its pungent-flavor and warm-nature in heart and liver.They have a strong effect of replenishing blood.But they lack of siginificant effect on aversion to cold,fatigue,phlegm thinning caused by yang-deficiency in lung.Conclusion：If TCM with same nature and flavor share the same meridian,they express same or similar pharmacological effect.If TCM with same nature and flavor share the different meridian,they manifest different pharmacological effect.It shows similar pharmacodynamics between TCM with same nature,flavor and merdian,while much difference exist between TCM with same nature,flavor but different meridian.