腺苷及其衍生物在眼科应用的研究进展

Progress in research of adenosine and its biological products in ophthalmology

腺苷是机体内一种重要的生物活性物质，其广泛存在于细胞内液和细胞外液中。在生理状态下，细胞内外的腺苷浓度较低，但在应激情况下，如炎症、缺血、缺氧、创伤、疼痛等，机体内腺苷浓度会大幅度上升，广泛参与多种病理变化过程。腺苷受体具有A1、A2A、A2B、A34种亚型。腺苷通过其受体调控细胞的各种生理功能。目前研究发现腺苷在机体的中枢神经系统、心血管系统、凝血系统等发挥重要作用。近几年来，腺苷在眼部，特别是青光眼、视网膜疾病治疗方面的作用受到广泛关注。腺苷在眼部的作用表现为调节眼压、抑制视网膜新生血管、舒张视网膜血管、调节视网膜神经传导、保护视网膜光感受器和视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）、抑制炎症反应等。就腺苷和其受体、生物制剂的研究进展及其在眼科的应用前景进行综述。

Adenosine is an important biological substance in the body. It exists extensively in intracellular and extracellular tissues. In physiological condition, adenosine remains at very low level intissue. However, under stress such as inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, or pain etc. the adenosine concentration will be elevated dramatically,indicating that adenosine participates in multiple histopathologica] processes. Adenosine is a natural chemical messenger that binds to four subtypes （ A1, A2A, A2B, A3 ） of adenosine receptors and by that, it regulates multiple kinds of physiological functions. Studies found that adenosine plays an important role in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and coagulation system. In recent years, adenosine has been seen as an attractive option to improve the treatment of glaucoma and retinal diseases. The effects of adenosine in ophthalmology were as follows ： adjusting intraocular pressure, inhibiting retinal angiogenesis, dilating retinal blood vessels, regulating retinal nerve conduction, protecting retinal photoreceptors and ganglion cells, arresting the inflammatory response. This article discusses the research progress in adenosine and its receptors as well as biological products of adenosine and projects the application of adenosine in ophthalmology.