早产儿视网膜病变视觉电生理研究进展

Current progress of visual physiology in retinopathy of prematurity

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是指可发生于未成熟儿的以视网膜血管异常增生为特征的视网膜血管疾病，是造成儿童视力损害的主要原因之一。ROP虽以视网膜血管发育异常为主要临床特征，但临床观察及动物实验证实，ROP同样影响视网膜视神经的发育，引起视网膜和视神经功能的异常，出现视网膜电图（ERG）暗视视杆反应、暗视振荡电位、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的异常，此外，对患儿屈光系统的发育也产生不同程度的影响。就ROP动物模型及ROP患者视觉电生理的特点及屈光系统的异常发育与病变之间的关系进行综述。

Retinopathy of prematurity （ ROP）, a leading cause of childhood visual impairment, is a vascular proliferative retinopathy in premature infants. Although the hallmark of ROP is abnormal retinal vasculature,a growing body of research in animals and observations in patients support a critical role for the neural retina in the ROP disease process. ROP can affect the foundation of the retina and optical nerve during the development duration in childhood, presenting with abnormalities in eleetroretinogram and multifoeal electroretinogram. In addition,it was found that ROP has different degrees of influence on the development of the dioptric system,which will result in refractive error as the child progress to adulthood. The relationship of the electrophysiology features or refractive abnormality and ROP was summarized in this article.