李玉论

On Li Yu

李玉父子二代均是明内阁首辅申时行的家人。李玉的青少年时代在申相国家成长,自幼受到申家所崇尚的儒家文化和礼教道德的浸润,以及申时行、申用懋父子生平行藏、道德准则和申家"甲于吴中"的家班演唱的深刻影响。李玉成名后,作为一个社会底层的市民剧作家,却与士大夫阶层保持着密切联系,同时他把笔锋深入于市民社会。他生平创作传奇42种。形成了众多同时代剧作家竞相效仿的风格,作品内容着重于市民道德和贵族精神的张扬,或从儒家的道德层面对明亡教训作深刻反思,对于社会因忠、孝、节、义的缺失而酿就的见利忘义、腐化堕落进行了无情鞭挞。他的作品面对着已然改变了的新的观众层面,在承接前朝"汤沈之争"的学术成果的同时,完成了传奇形式结构的改革,导致了昆曲艺术真正的雅俗共赏,开创了昆剧一代风格流派——"苏州派",从而迎来了昆曲的新纪元。

Li Yu and his father were servants of the premier of the government Shen Shixing.Growing up in premier Shen＇s home,Li Yu was deeply influenced by moral principles of Shen Yongmao and his son,and Confucian culture much advocated by Shens.In addition,the family drama group which was excellent in Wu district exerted a far-reaching impact upon Li Yu.After gaining fame,as a civic playwright of the bottom society,Li Yu kept a close contact with scholar-bureaucrats,and dedicated himself into describing the civilian＇s living.Throughout his life,he created about 42 play scripts,forming a style imitated by contemporary playwrights.He paid much attention to promoting a civilian morality and a noble spirit,and deeply reflected upon deceasing Ming from a perspective of Confucian moral,profoundly criticizing the social degeneration and putridness because of missing moral principles of ＂loyalty＂,＂filial piety＂,＂integrity＂ and ＂righteousness＂.Confronting new audiences,inheriting the academic outcomes of the last dynasty,Li Yu fulfilled the reform of drama structure,inaugurating the Suzhou school of Kunqu,pushing it into a whole new millennium.