黄宗羲《明夷待访录》对孙中山民主思想的启蒙

The Enlightenment of Huang Zongxi's Waiting for the Dawn on Sun Yat-sen's Thought of Democracy

1897年,孙中山先生赠日本友人以黄宗羲《明夷待访录》摘录本《原君原臣》小册子,孙中山在以杞忧公子之名发表的《序》里指出:人民设立君臣都要"为民役;"黄宗羲这一"超越千古"的"高瞻远识",可以"启迪后生小子之蒙",表示对自己当时的民主思想起了重要的启蒙作用。孙中山将黄宗羲的君民之间主客关系,发展为主仆关系,此后他一再强调国家官吏都是人民"公仆",这成为他的民权主义思想的重要内容之一。黄宗羲《明夷待访录》写于西方近代民主启蒙思想家们的著作之前,说明民主思想在中国并非舶来品,它对于我国当前的政治体制改革也有借鉴作用。

In 1897, Sun Yat-sen presented his Japanese friend a booklet entitled Search for the Original Meaning of the Monarch and his Ministers （yuanjun yuanchen ）which was part of Waiting for the Dawn （mingyi daifanglu） written by Huang Zongxi. In the preface of the booklet published under the pen name of Jiyou Gongzi, Sun Yat-sen pointed out that the monarch and the ministers established by the people must ＂serve the people＂. As Huang Zongxi＇ s ＂great foresight beyond history＂ could enlighten the people of later generations, Sun Yat-sen thought Huang＇ s view played an important enlightening role in the formation of his thought of democracy. Huang considered the relationship between the people and the monarch as one between the host and his guest. Sun Yat-sen developed this view and held that it was a relationship between the master and his servants. Then he once and again stressed that government officials were all servants of the people, which constituted an important part of his thought about the principle of democracy. Huang had his Waiting for the Dawn finished before the appearance of the works written by the modern democratic enlightenment thinkers in the West. This showed that the thought of democracy was not imported from abroad. Huang＇ s views can be used as a reference in the current reform of political system in China.