鱼群识别的氧、碳稳定同位素方法

Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Methods in Identification of Fish Stocks

鱼群识别是渔业科学和管理上的重要课题之一。本文以海鱼和逥遊鱼的具体研究为例,扼要地阐明鱼耳石的氧、碳稳定同位素成分研究,特别是δ18O和δ13C的关联分析,在鱼群识别方面的效果和应用。鱼耳石是一种存在于真骨鱼类内耳中层状的,矿物成分以文石为主的钙碳酸盐岩结构体。与基因分析方法相比,鱼耳石的氧、碳稳定同位素方法具有两个显著的优点,一是耳石的微结构能提供鱼类不同生长阶段的时间序列和细节;二是耳石的形成机制能提供鱼类生活的周围环境和历史信息。因此,鱼耳石中δ18O和δ13C的关联分析在鱼群识别中发挥着独特的作用。

Identification of fish stocks is one of the most important tasks in fisheries science and management.In this paper,we illustrate the effect and application of stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of otoliths and the correlation of δ18O versus δ13C in identification of marine and anadromous fish stocks.Otoliths are aragonitic carbonate structures found in the inner ear of teleost fish and display rhythmic growth patterns.Compared with genetic methods in fish stock identification,stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses have two distinct advantages in determining（1）a time series from the otolith microstructure to separation of the different life stages of marine and anadromous fish;and（2）the oceanographic and environmental conditions to which the fish were exposed.Thus,the isotopic signatures of otoliths and the correlation of δ18O versus δ13C play a new and important role in identification of fish stocks.