走向后多元文化主义?变动中的多样性共同体、社会条件及背景

Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities,conditions and contexts of diversity

自从进入新千年以来,多元文化主义,这个曾经引发多种政策出台及制度性框架建立的词汇,已经遇到来自多方面的重大挑战。越来越多的批评者攻击多元文化主义,认为它造成了众多的社会问题;与此同时,就全球性移民的性质及移民的归属感形成方式本身而言,它们自多元文化主义模式最初确立以来已经发生了相当大的变化。有些评论人士认为,我们都在步入后多元文化主义时代,本文通过探索这种状况探讨以下问题:围绕多元文化主义,公众话语发生了哪些变化,新的移民形式有哪些特点及其对多元文化主义理论有何冲击,移民与移民来源国是什么样的关系,所有这些类型,又是如何对所谓后多元文化主义的形成发挥作用的?

Since the turn of the millennium,multiculturalism-a term spanning a variety of policies and institutional frameworks-has been seriously challenged in a number of ways.While critics have increasingly attacked multiculturalism and blamed it for numerous social problems,the nature of global migration and modes of immigrant belonging have themselves changed considerably since the time when multicultural models were first established.By way of exploring the post-multiculturalist condition into which,some commentators suggest,we are all moving,this article addresses the following questions:what are the changing public discourses surrounding multiculturalism? What are the characteristics of new forms of immigration,and how have these new forms of immigration impacted on multicultural theories? What are the relationships of immigrants with sending countries? How do all of these patterns contribute to what might be called post-multiculturalism?