我国创新政策的演变——基于政策工具的视角

The Evolution of China's Innovation Policy——based on the Perspective of Policy Tool

随着科技在经济发展中的作用越来越显著,创新政策受到了人们的关注。本文重点关注我国从1979年到2009年间国家及各部委颁布的技术创新政策,选出与技术创新相关性较强的580项政策,从供给政策、环境政策、需求政策三个视角探讨我国技术创新政策的演变。研究发现:1999年发布《关于加强技术创新、发展高科技、实现产业化的决定》后,我国创新政策数量和政策力度都大幅度上涨;20世纪80年代,我国创新政策以供给政策为主,90年代,政府注重创新的环境,到2009年,环境政策比例已经高于供给政策;需求政策最近才被政府重视。最后提出我国政府要加大采购政策、税收优惠和知识产权保护等政策的颁布数量和力度。

Innovation policy had been paid more and more attention with the important role it played on economic development. The paper focused on the technology innovation policy enacted by the all the State and Ministries between 1979 and 2009 year, and explored the evolution of technology innovation policy based on three perspectives： supply policy, environment policy, and demand policy. 580 policies which had relevance with the technology innovation had been selected. The research shows that China＇s innovation policy quantity and efforts have been raised rapidly after enacting The Decision about Strengthening Technology Innovation, Developing High-tech, and Industrialization. It also shows that supply policy is prior in the 1980＇s, and innovation environment are focused in the 1990＇s, then the ratio of environment policy is higher than that of supply policy until 2009, demand policy has been paid attention recently. The paper finally puts forward that government should increase the number and effect of procurement policy, tax policy and intellectual property policy.