试析《史记·酷吏列传》的讽刺艺术

The Interpretation of Satire in "Ruthless Official Biography" in "Records of the Grand Historian"

《史记》全书中,讽刺艺术体现得最为淋漓尽致、最具代表性的篇章应该是《酷吏列传》。《酷吏列传》的讽刺手法表现在如下几方面:客观叙述深含讽刺;运用对比手法妙寄讽刺;运用层递推进的叙述手法取得讽刺效果;运用复笔手法增强讽刺力量;引用他人言论强化说服力。通过委婉曲折、富于变化的讽刺艺术,司马迁对于当时的酷吏制度进行了全方位的展示和揭露,表达了自己对当代政治的看法。

In the entire book of ＂Records of the Grand Historian＂, the rhetoric techniques of satire are subtly and vividly adopted; the most typical of this technique is embodied in the chapter ＂Ruthless Official Biography＂, the technique of which can be summarized in the following aspects： objective descriptions with deep stab, sharp contrasts with satire, layers of progression with good effects, abundant repetitions with power, and quotations with feature. With these techniques Sima Qian revealed and criticized the official system from all sides, expressed his views on contemporary politics with the technique of satire.